Biological products refer to preparations made from microorganisms, cells, or tissues using biological processes.
These products are widely used in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, and include vaccines, blood products, recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and other biopharmaceuticals.

Due to their complex structure and high sensitivity to environmental conditions, biological products require strict control throughout the entire production process, especially in terms of sterility, purity, and stability.

Biological product manufacturing involves multiple critical steps such as cell culture, fermentation, purification, and formulation.
Each stage requires precise control to ensure product quality and safety. Filtration plays a vital role in removing impurities, microorganisms, and particulates, while protecting downstream processes.

Because biological products are highly sensitive to temperature, pH, and contamination, filtration systems must provide:

• High retention efficiency
• Low protein binding
• Excellent chemical compatibility
• Stable and reproducible performance

Filtration is widely applied in different stages of biological product processing, including clarification, concentration, purification, and final sterilization.

The main filtration steps include:

1. Clarification filtration: remove cells, debris, and large particles from fermentation broth
2. Prefiltration: reduce particulate load and protect downstream filtration units
3. Fine filtration: further remove smaller particles and impurities
4. Sterilizing filtration: remove bacteria and microorganisms from the final product
5. Vent / gas filtration: prevent contamination from air exchange systems